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Finding, Founding, and Funding

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Find, found, and fund could conceivably be related on the basis of the notion of obtaining something, but the words (except in the case of the link between find and one of three broad senses of found) stem from independent sources. This post defines these words and others derived from them.

Find, in the sense of discovery, is from the Old English verb findan, meaning “come upon,” “discover,” or “obtain.” The past tense is found, but the homograph found, from the Latin verb fundere, meaning “cast,” “melt,” or “pour out,” is unrelated, as is founder (“collapse,” “disable,” “fail,” or “sink”), stemming ultimately from fundus, a Latin noun meaning “bottom,” by way of the verb form fundare.

A find is something discovered or located, including a person, place, or thing with exceptional qualities. Someone who finds is a finder, as in the phrase “finder’s fee,” which describes a commission received for helping someone identify a financial opportunity. A finder is also an auxiliary telescope, and a viewfinder is a device on a camera that aids the user in focusing on the photographic subject. A finding is the result of an examination or investigation, while found serves as an adjective as well as a verb, as in the phrase “found object.” From the past tense of found, foundling describes an abandoned infant who is discovered, and something newfound has just recently been located or discovered.

As mentioned, found in the sense of “establish” has a distinct etymology, as do its kin: founder (“one who establishes”); founding (a verb and adjective referring to establishment, as in the phrase “Founding Fathers” to refer to the men instrumental in establishing the United States); and foundation, which pertains to establishment, to an organization that supports an endeavor, to the substructure of a building, or to a cosmetic base or a supporting undergarment. Foundational and foundationally are the adjectival and adverbial forms.

Something that is well founded exists with literal or figurative support, such as an organization or a theory, respectively. Something unfounded, by contrast, has no basis of support, as in the case of a rumor; foundationless is also employed for this sense. (These terms apply only to the figurative sense, however.)

Fundus, mentioned above as the forebear of founder, is also the basis of fundament, meaning “base,” and its adjectival form, fundamental. That word is also a noun pertaining to basic principles, thus the use of fundamentalist and fundamentalism to refer to Christians who interpret the Bible literally. Profound, meanwhile, retains only the figurative sense of its ancestor, profundus, and means “intellectually deep,” and fundus was borrowed directly into English in the anatomical sense of the part of a hollow organ opposite its opening, such as the back of the eye.

From fundus we also derive fund, meaning “capital” or “stock” in the sense of a financial base (as a verb, it means “supply with money”); funds and funding refer to money, the former in a basic sense and the latter in the sense of providing funds. Someone who funds is a funder, the withdrawal of funds is defunding, and the return of funds is a refund, while replenishment of funds is re-funding; something without financial support is unfunded.

A fund-raiser (the word is sometimes styled fundraiser), meanwhile, refers to an event intended to raise money from admission fees and donations, and crowdfunding (also called microfunding) is a funding strategy involving encouraging widespread but modest financial support for a project from the general public rather than focusing on a small number of large-scale investors.

The verb found in the sense of “cast metal” and the noun form founder are rare, but foundry, referring to the art of casting metal or to a location where the art occurs, is somewhat more familiar.

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5 thoughts on “Finding, Founding, and Funding”

  1. I do not see any point in using the word “styled” here.:
    “the word is sometimes styled fundraiser.”
    To begin with “style” is not really a verb, except in a) very informal contexts like “styling hair”, and b) in hoity-toity British jargon like “He is styled His Imperial Royal Majesty, the Earl of Warwickshire.”
    We disposed of such trash long ago in the United States, and mostly in Canada and Australia, too.
    What was needed here was:
    a) “the word is sometimes written ‘fundraiser’.”
    b) or even better, “the word is sometimes miswritten ‘fundraiser’.”

  2. Try watching some of the old newsreels, movies, dramas, etc., about Britain in the 1930s. The huge question was “Does the Duchess of Windsor get to be ‘styled’ ‘Her Royal Highness’ or not?”
    To real Americans, the whole problem is banal to the point of nausea. I imagine that many Canadians and Aussies do not like it, either.
    This should be enough to forbid the use of the word, ever again.
    We do quite well with “Mr. President”, “Madame Secretary” (for when the Secretary of State is a woman: Madeline Albright, Condoleezza Rice, and Hilary Clinton), “Mr. Chief Justice”, “Mr. Chairman”, and so forth.

  3. An idiom: “found money”, where “found” is used as an adjective.
    This does not have to be literally something like a bag of money found in the bushes. “Found money” could be money that was misplaced due to an accounting mistake, or it could be money in an emergency fund that got forgotten about. In any case, the money has been found again, and we can be happy about it!

  4. The British way of “styling” certain people in uppity ways has drawn much satire in America, and sometimes in the dominions, too, such as in these expressions:
    “His Royal Immenseness”, “Her Imperial Immenseness”, “His Immense Majesty”, “an Imperial F.U.”, and so forth/

  5. When a ship or boat “founders”, its hull fills with water, and it settles to the bottom of – usually – shallow water. Hence, there is hope for the vessel’s being “raised” later on, and then either restored to service or towed away and scrapped.
    This happened with many American ships at Pearl Harbor in 1941, many Russian ships at Port Arthur (Manchuria) in 1904, some Italian ships at Taranto in 1940, some Japanese ships at the Kure Naval Base in 1945, some French ships at Dakar and Casablanca in 1941-42, and some Nazi German ships in various ports in Western Europe during 1940-45 (including Norwegian and Dutch ones).
    During World War II, these navies had a way of having many of their warships sunk in deep water – permanently: the Royal Navy, the Dutch Navy, the Royal Australian Navy, and the Imperial Japanese Navy.
    There are lots of British battleships, aircraft carriers, cruisers, and destroyers at the bottoms of the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Norwegian Sea.

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